英语语法常见考点

就当自己复习了。整的很乱，以后有心情再补充
一．从句
（一）定语从句
1.不用that
（1）非限制性定从（中间有逗号）
（2）先行词与关系代词被隔开，用who, whom, which
i was the only person in my office who was invited.
（3）前面有介词，用which
（4）主句出现that

2.what, as引导
（1）what：先行词和关系代词的结合，在句中充当主语或宾语等名词性成分，前面不出现先行词
she is not what she used to be.
（2）as:引导限制定从、非限制定从
限制定从：用于固定结构such as, the same as
his attitude is the same as ever.
非限制定从：无要求

3.只用that（av22183429）
口诀：程序问题最多
程：程度much, some, any, every
序：序数词
问题：主句出现who，which
最：头家级
多：先行词有人有物

（二）主语从句
（1）if引导主从，只能用it作主语放句首，从句放句末
it is uncertain if ...
（2）that句首不能省，口语可省
(that) he was ill is known now.
（3）whether、连接代词、副词放句首
who has broken the glass is unknown.

（三）表语从句
（1）that不可省，但主句有do，that可省
what i want to do is (that) ...
（2）主语为advice, demand, wish,

etc.（表建议）从句用虚拟语气

（四）宾语从句
（1）that口语可省，正式文体不能省。不引导介词的宾从，可引导except, but, in等少数介词宾从
i’ll do anything i can to help you except that...
（2）动词＋it形式宾语＋宾语补足语＋that从句
the boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys.
（3）表建议引导宾从用虚拟语气，should可省
（4）时态一致，但从句为客观真理用一般现在时
when we were children, we were told that china is in the east of the world.

（五）同位语从句
多用that引导，少用if，whether、连接代词及连接副词
（1）表建议、命令用虚拟语气
（2）与定从区别：
1.定从修饰先行词，同从作解释
2.定从引导词在从句中作成分，同从不作
3.定从关系词作从句中的宾、状可省或替代，同从不行
4.定从先行词可为各类名词，同从一般为抽象名词
5.when, why, where引导同从一般不和表时间、地点的同位

（六）状语从句
（1）条件状语从句
1.if，unless
2.复合连词，动词及分词引导(as long as, supposing, providing)
3.祈使表条件
dress warmly, or else you’ll catch cold.

（2）让步状语从句
1.as引导，用倒装
tired as he is, ...
2.while引导
3.复合连接词for all that、分词granting\granted引导

（3）时间状语从句
1.before引导：只有……才能……、
computers must be programmed before they can work.
2.when引导

出现在后半句表：那时突然
he was almost hit when the bus came to a sudden stop.
3.when it comes to 当谈到……时
4.名、介短语each\every time, the moment作连接词作用
5.副词directly, instantly引导＝as soon as

（4）原因状语从句
1.in that引导：是因为
2.now that, seeing that, considering引导

二．非谓语动词
（1）作主语
1.动名词表抽象，不定式表具体
thinking is a kind of human behaviors.
2.动名词表已知，不定式表未知、目的

（2）作表语
1.不定式
①表将来
②主语也是不定式
to see is to believe.
③主语为aim, duty, hope等词或what的名从，不定式对主语起补充说明
his wish is to buy a car

2.动名词
①表抽象行为
②表主语性质或情况
we are expecting your reply to our inquiry.

3.分词
①现在分词：主动和进行
②过去分词：被动和完成

（3）作宾语
固定搭配

（4）作定语
1.不定式
①主谓关系
the train to arrive is from london
②动宾关系
get him something to eat.
③与vi构成不定式作定语＋介词
i need a pen to write with.
④修饰表方向、原因的抽象名词
⑤被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词或限定词，只用不定式
this is the last time to borrow you money.

2.分词作定语
现在表进行，过去表完成

3.作状语
①现在分词与主语为主动关系，过去分词与主语为被动关系
②分词作状语表伴随，不定式表目的
③分词作状语放开头表原因、时间、条件
?不定式做状语表目的、结果、原因
reading carefully, you’ll learn something new.
we are glad to hear the news.

三．虚拟语气
（一）句型
1.it is high time that+虚拟
2.as或whether or谓语用be，引导让步虚从，倒装
church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they christian, islamic and so on.
3.should（省）＋动词原形＋that从句 表意愿、建议
4.条件句删if提前be动词
were i you, i would...

（二）含蓄虚拟条件句
1.介词、介词短语：but for, without
but that she was afraid, she would have said no.
2.连词：so that, unless, supposing, lest,etc
2.转折词：but，otherwise
3.比较级
4.分词短语
having known in time, we might have done...
5.不定式
6.独立主格
7.定从
8.情态动词完成式
9.动词原形表虚从
if that be so, we shall take action at once.

四．情态动词
（一）完成式
1.表已发生
2.表虚拟语气

（二）句型
1.may\might (just) as well不妨
2.cannot\can’t ... to ...越……越好
you cannot be too careful when you drive a car.
3.should表竟然
you should wear a pair of slipper to classroom.

（三）被动关系的主动表达
1.want, require, worth后接doing表被动
the book worth reading.
2.need to be done, need doing都表被动

五．强调句
（一）强调特殊疑问句
when did you meet mr.smith?
when was it that...

（二）强调人称代词，格不变
she loves him very much.
it is him that\who he loves...

（三）对not until强调
regular radio broadcasts didn’t begin until 1920.
it was not until 1920 that...

（四）倒装句中的部分被强调，不用倒装语序
never has he seem a wolf before.
it is a wolf that he has never seen before.

六．时态
（一）不用进行时
1.表感知：feel, hear, notice
2.表意愿：desire, dislike, forgive
3.表看法：believe, doubt, forget
4.表占有：belong, own, hold
5.others: cost, appear, concern, etc

七．倒装
（一）全部倒装
1.表方向的副词提前（主语为代词不倒装）
up went the plane.
2.here, there, now提前
here comes the bus.
3.主语较长

（二）部分倒装
1.否定词置于句首
2.only
3.句首：often, so, well, to such a degree
4.as，than引导的从句
reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body.
5.一个人的肯、否定
口诀：人废话，鬼补充（av8097296）



（三）特殊
1.as引导让步状从
2.be+主+其他
it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated and incredible amout of knowledge-be it scientific or artistic.
3.no matter how (who...), however
no matter how busy he is, ...

八．主谓一致
（一）指代一致
1.就近原则：ether or, neither nor, not only... but...
2.each, everyone, no one, anything, none代词用单数
3.主语为复数后加+each，each在动词前，代词用复数；动词后用单数
they each have two coats.
we are each responsible for his family.
4.and连接用复数

（二）主谓一致问题
1.非谓语、从句作主语，动词用单数
2.表时间、距离的度量作主语，用单数
3.学科和疾病用单
4.and, both, both ...and用复
5.集体名词police，public用复
6.倒装中动词与后面的主语一致
just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.
7.主语带有together, along with, such as附加成分时，动词与主语一致
8.all＋人，用复，all＋事，用单
9.more than one+名用单
10.many a ...用单

九．独立主格结构
（一）being
1.逻辑主语为代词
it being sunday, we went to church.
2.there being+名

（二）名+介词短语
he entered

the room, with a book in his hand.

（二）作时间或原因状语可用完成时
the listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.